Abstract: To develop high-performance catalysts for low carbon olefin oligomerization, HZSM-5 nanozeolite aggregates were synthesized via a hydrothermal method, and Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts with Ni loadings ranging from 0.85 to 1.88% were prepared by impregnation. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized, and their performance in the oligomerization of 2-methyl-2-butene was evaluated. The results showed that the spherical HZSM-5 aggregates consisted of ~50 nm microcrystals with intercrystalline mesoporous. Incorporation of Ni species reduced both strong and weak acidities while significantly increasing Lewis acid sites. Compared to the HZSM-5, the 0.85% Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst enhanced oligomerization conversion of 2-methyl-2-butene and promoted the formation of high carbon number product. However, excessive Ni loading increased cracking reactions and reduced selectivity toward higher oligomers. The research conclusions provide a reference for the preparation and performance optimization of catalysts for low carbon olefin oligomerization.